diff --git a/notes b/notes
index e1037cf..7a683ac 100644
--- a/notes
+++ b/notes
@@ -35,14 +35,14 @@ TODO {
         about-license info
     }
     
+    fix overrun-by-1 on sample preview
+    
+    templatize svfilter and have mono version for synth use
+    
     revert-to-saved menu action
     
-    - splice-between behavior when trying to hook up a command input to something with both a command input and output while already connected
-    
     distortion effect
     
-    uh... maybe save/load samples as s16 instead of f32
-    
     automation node {
         listens for one specific param
         supports tweening
@@ -58,6 +58,8 @@ TODO {
     editing song info should probably be an UndoStack action
     editing song *tempo* ABSOLUTELY should
     
+    maybe retool rendering to feed f32 (or even f64) to ffmpeg
+    
     figure out what to actually do with directory config
     
     buffer helper akin to what quicklevel does {
diff --git a/xybrid/audio/audioengine.cpp b/xybrid/audio/audioengine.cpp
index 0bdaa52..a4ec127 100644
--- a/xybrid/audio/audioengine.cpp
+++ b/xybrid/audio/audioengine.cpp
@@ -406,8 +406,8 @@ qint64 AudioEngine::readData(char *data, qint64 maxlen) {
         // convert non-interleaved floating point into interleaved int16
         int16_t* l = reinterpret_cast<int16_t*>(data);
         int16_t* r = reinterpret_cast<int16_t*>(data+smp);
-        *l = static_cast<int16_t>(std::clamp(buffer[0][bufPos], -1.0f, 1.0f) * 32767);
-        *r = static_cast<int16_t>(std::clamp(buffer[1][bufPos], -1.0f, 1.0f) * 32767);
+        *l = static_cast<int16_t>(std::clamp(buffer[0][bufPos] * 32768.0f, -32767.0f, 32767.0f));
+        *r = static_cast<int16_t>(std::clamp(buffer[1][bufPos] * 32768.0f, -32767.0f, 32767.0f));
 
         bufPos++;
         data += stride;
diff --git a/xybrid/data/sample.cpp b/xybrid/data/sample.cpp
index b847767..404ffb4 100644
--- a/xybrid/data/sample.cpp
+++ b/xybrid/data/sample.cpp
@@ -48,17 +48,35 @@ std::array<float, 2> Sample::plotBetween(size_t ch, size_t start, size_t end) co
     return {mn, mx};
 }
 
+// threshold in MiB-stored-as-float for saving long samples as s16 instead
+const constexpr double PCM_MiB_THRESHOLD = 5;
+const constexpr int PCM_THRESHOLD = static_cast<int>(PCM_MiB_THRESHOLD * (1024*1024) / sizeof(float));
 QCborMap Sample::toCbor() const {
     QCborMap m;
 
     m[qs("name")] = name;
     m[qs("rate")] = sampleRate;
+
+    QString fmt = qs("f32");
+    if (numChannels() * length() > PCM_THRESHOLD) fmt = qs("s16");
+    m[qs("fmt")] = fmt;
+
     {
         QCborArray ch;
 
         auto n = static_cast<size_t>(numChannels());
-        for (size_t i = 0; i < n; i++) {
-            ch[static_cast<qsizetype>(i)] = QByteArray(reinterpret_cast<const char*>(data[i].data()), static_cast<int>(data[i].size() * sizeof(data[i][0])));
+        if (fmt == qs("f32")) {
+            for (size_t i = 0; i < n; i++) {
+                ch[static_cast<qsizetype>(i)] = QByteArray(reinterpret_cast<const char*>(data[i].data()), static_cast<int>(data[i].size() * sizeof(data[i][0])));
+            }
+        } else if (fmt == qs("s16")) {
+            for (size_t i = 0; i < n; i++) {
+                auto sz = data[i].size();
+                QByteArray dat(static_cast<int>(sz * 2), static_cast<char>(0));
+
+                for (size_t j = 0; j < sz; j++) *reinterpret_cast<int16_t*>(dat.data() + j*2) = static_cast<int16_t>(std::clamp(static_cast<double>(data[i][j]) * 32768.0, -32767.0, 32767.0));
+                ch[static_cast<qsizetype>(i)] = dat;
+            }
         }
 
         m[qs("channels")] = ch;
@@ -82,14 +100,29 @@ std::shared_ptr<Sample> Sample::fromCbor(const QCborMap& m, QUuid uuid) {
 
     smp->sampleRate = static_cast<int>(m.value("rate").toInteger(48000));
 
+    auto fmt = m.value("fmt").toString(qs("f32"));
+
     auto ch = m.value("channels").toArray();
     auto s = static_cast<size_t>(ch.size());
 
-    for (size_t i = 0; i < s; i++) {
-        auto c = ch[static_cast<qint64>(i)].toByteArray();
-        auto bs = static_cast<size_t>(c.size());
-        smp->data[i].resize(bs / sizeof(*smp->data[i].begin()));
-        memcpy(smp->data[i].data(), c.constData(), bs);
+    if (fmt == qs("f32")) {
+        for (size_t i = 0; i < s; i++) {
+            auto c = ch[static_cast<qint64>(i)].toByteArray();
+            auto bs = static_cast<size_t>(c.size());
+            smp->data[i].resize(bs / sizeof(*smp->data[i].begin()));
+            memcpy(smp->data[i].data(), c.constData(), bs);
+        }
+    } else if (fmt == qs("s16")) {
+        for (size_t i = 0; i < s; i++) {
+            auto c = ch[static_cast<qint64>(i)].toByteArray();
+            auto bs = static_cast<size_t>(c.size());
+            auto sz = bs / 2;
+            smp->data[i].resize(sz);
+            for (size_t j = 0; j < sz; j++) {
+                smp->data[i][j] = static_cast<float>(static_cast<double>(*reinterpret_cast<int16_t*>(c.data()+j*2))/32768.0);
+            }
+            //memcpy(smp->data[i].data(), c.constData(), bs);
+        }
     }
 
     smp->loopStart = static_cast<int>(m.value("loopStart").toInteger(-1));
diff --git a/xybrid/fileops.cpp b/xybrid/fileops.cpp
index 6dacd18..9133052 100644
--- a/xybrid/fileops.cpp
+++ b/xybrid/fileops.cpp
@@ -35,7 +35,7 @@ namespace {
                + (static_cast<uint32_t>(minor)<<16)
                + (static_cast<uint32_t>(major)<<24);
     }
-    constexpr const uint32_t XYBRID_VERSION = packedVersion(0,0,0,1);
+    constexpr const uint32_t XYBRID_VERSION = packedVersion(0,0,0,2);
 
     constexpr const QSize dlgSize(700, 500);
 }